The three main ones were the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. It's actually something like a proto-evo-psych theory about the . The foundation for this theory was based on specific archetypes and patterns that dictate how people process psychic images. The collective unconscious was a repository of innate tendencies from deep time: responses to significant patterns from the human ancestral environment. [8], Jung linked the collective unconscious to "what Freud called 'archaic remnants' mental forms whose presence cannot be explained by anything in the individual's own life and which seem to be aboriginal, innate, and inherited shapes of the human mind". (LogOut/ Roesler, C. (2012). Collective unconscious (German: kollektives Unbewusstes) refers to the unconscious mind and shared mental concepts. [70][71] (Conversely, religious critics including Martin Buber accused Jung of wrongly placing psychology above transcendental factors in explaining human experience. Read our, Key Concepts of the Collective Unconscious, Interpretation of the Collective Unconscious, Ongoing Research on the Collective Unconscious, Jung's Theory of Personality and Learning Styles, Theories and Terminology of Personality Psychology, Sigmund Freud's Life, Theories, and Influence, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Neurobiology of fear and specific phobias, Jungian theory of dreaming and contemporary dream research findings from the research project 'Structural Dream Analysis', Jung as philosopher: Archetypes, the psychoid factor, and the question of the supernatural, Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior, The exclusion of others on Facebook: The technological unconscious, the orientalist unconscious, and the European migrant crisis, Genomic instantiation of consciousness in neurons through a biophoton field theory, The microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease, Collective unconscious: how gut microbes shape human behavior, Carl Gustav Jung and Granville Stanley Hall on religious experience. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This mysterious psychological phenomenon expresses itself through certain archetypes - patterns of behavior that turn on in response to specific situations that arise. Patterns show up, and ever since anthropologist James George Frazier wrote his landmark work, Read more Joseph Campbell's framework for comparative mythology He also called archetypes "dominants" because of their profound influence on mental life. The three main ones were the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. 244.] Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. The ego is largely responsible for feelings of identity and continuity. Because were playing the classic telephone game here. This artist, as you see, had a love of the human figure and allowed his imagination to play around that. Princeton University Press, 1969 - Psychology - 451 pages. He is responsible for proposing and developing the psychological concepts of the collective unconscious, along with introverted and extroverted personalities. The existence of these archaic strata is presumably the source of man's belief in reincarnations and in memories of "previous experiences". New York: Harcourt Brace. One school of thought follows the work of psychologist C.G. When an artist has a figure from the collective unconscious, he at once begins to play with it esthetically, and usually makes some concretization of it as a monument, etc. [36] The most obvious patterns applied to the patient's parents: "Nobody knows better than the psychotherapist that the mythologizing of the parents is often pursued far into adulthood and is given up only with the greatest resistance. Collected works. According to Jung, the human collective unconscious is populated by instincts, as well as by archetypes: ancient primal symbols such as The Great Mother, the Wise Old Man, the Shadow, the Tower, Water, and the Tree of Life. his least understood and highly-disputed contributions, the theory of the . The anima/animus is the mirror image of our biological sex, that is, the unconscious feminine side in males and the masculine tendencies in women. The different realms of the psyche are not completely separate from each other but instead continually interact in a compensatory manner. Freud, on the other hand, often suggested that specific symbols represent specific unconscious thoughts. Psychology and alchemy. The Rose of the World . In other words, the same symbols mean similar things to different people. So, for example, one of the archetypes is the loving mother/devouring mother, sometimes called the mother as both womb and tomb. Many things arousing devotion or feelings of awe, as for instance the Church, university, city or country, heaven, earth, the woods, the sea or any still waters, matter even, the underworld and the moon, can be mother-symbols. We take our stories, and we take our storytellers, whether we call them Shamans, Elders or Priests. Jung (1947) believes symbols from different cultures are often very similar because they have emerged from archetypes shared by the whole human race which are part of our collective unconscious. The concept of archetypes as the mode of expression of the collective unconscious is discussed. On Tantric Tuesdays, Kali has been a featured guest. Each influences a different aspect of . Jung also distinguished the collective unconscious and collective consciousness, between which lay "an almost unbridgeable gulf over which the subject finds himself suspended". Jung's exposition of the collective unconscious builds on the classic issue in psychology and biology regarding nature versus nurture. More than just being repressed wishes, Jung felt that dreams compensate for parts of the psyche that are underdeveloped in our waking lives. London: Ark Paperbacks. It was also what separated him from the theories and ultimately friendship - of Sigmund Freud. by shared nurture, not nature). It may also be because his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, and less clearly explained. In addition to the mind consisting of a personal unconscious, which is composed of elements drawn from an individual's life experience, the collective unconscious contains elements or cognitive structures which evolved over human history, and are therefore common to all. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. These ancestral memories, which Jung called It is distinct from the personal unconscious, which arises from the experience of the individual. Jungs (1947, 1948) ideas have not been as popular as Freuds. Jung also spoke of a concept called ' archetypes ' in reference to the collective unconscious. It could mean the soul leaving the mortal body and connecting with the heavenly spheres, or it may mean that someone is sexually impotent, in that they have had their spiritual ego body engaged. "Psychic conflicts in a child. Young-Eisendrath, P. (1995). Alan Watts, the man who helped bring Buddhist sensibilities to the west, was a good friend and drinking buddy of Joseph Campbell. Instead, dreams are merely electrical brain impulses that pull random thoughts and imagery from our memories. Jung (1948) disagreed with Freud regarding the role of sexuality. However, more important than isolated tendencies are those aspects of the collective unconscious that have developed into separate sub-systems of the personality. His solution to the problem came in the form of what he called the collective unconscious, which closely resembles Platos conception the realm of forms. Somewhere between these who approaches lies my personal paradigm as a comparative mythologist. Comparison and Significance of Myths: In this section, you will compare the two myth variations. function Gsitesearch(curobj){curobj.q.value="site:"+domainroot+" "+curobj.qfront.value}. He argued that the collective unconscious had a profound influence on the lives of individuals, who lived out its symbols and clothed them in meaning through their experiences. The collective consciousness informs our sense of belonging and identity, and our behavior. Jung encouraged direct conscious dialogue of the patients with these personalities within. Preparedness and phobias. Abstract. According to Jung, the human mind has innate characteristics imprinted on it as a result of evolution. Collective unconscious is a part of the unconscious mind that is derived from the ancestral memory and experience and is common to all humankind, as a distinct from the . In scientific circles, a literal interpretation of the collective unconscious is thought to be a pseudoscientific theory. This tension between collective unconscious and collective consciousness corresponds roughly to the "everlasting cosmic tug of war between good and evil" and has worsened in the time of the mass man. They were innate responses to stimuli found in all human societies for thousands of years, such as babies, old people, heros, and maidens. 2014;6(3):227-242. doi:10.1080/19409052.2014.921226, Dinan TG, Stilling RM, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Jung's concept of collective unconscious was developed at the time when he was working with schizophrenic patients in Burgholzli psychiatric hospital. Many of these connotations were obscure to laypeople. Jung also believed that the collective unconscious is responsible for a number of deep-seated beliefs and instincts, such as spirituality, sexual behavior, and life and death instincts. Jung's collective unconscious is essentially a foundation of archetypes and psychological motifs that are inherent in humans. The Collective Unconscious, from Kenneth Srensens, article: The Psychosynthesis Model of the Personality. Thats where a model based on dispersion makes sense. You will use evidence from primary and secondary sources to support your claims. It is generally associated with idealism and was coined by Carl Jung. Although Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the . Simply Psychology. Jung used his theory of the collective unconscious to explain how fears and social phobias can manifest in children and adults for no apparent reason. collective unconscious. A short speech on Carl Jung's theory of the Collective Unconscious. This has allowed for the study of dreams as an instrument for research, diagnosis, and treatment for psychological conditions and phobias. A single archetype can manifest in many different ways. Harry T. Hunt, "A collective unconscious reconsidered: Jung's archetypal imagination in the light of contemporary psychology and social science"; Claire Douglas, "The historical context of analytical psychology", in Young-Eisendrath & Dawson (eds.). [34], Care must be taken, however, to determine the meaning of a symbol through further investigation; one cannot simply decode a dream by assuming these meanings are constant. But is there a simpler way to explain these commonalities? The theor proposed by: These effects of course vary widely, however, since they involve virtually every emotion and situation. [1] Jung considered the collective unconscious to underpin and surround the unconscious mind, distinguishing it from the personal unconscious of Freudian psychoanalysis. [15], Jung also described archetypes as imprints of momentous or frequently recurring situations in the lengthy human past. J Integr Neurosci. Like Freud (and Erikson) Jung regarded the psyche as made up of a number of separate but interacting systems. Collective unconscious: how gut microbes shape human behavior. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} My Words; Recents; Settings; Log Out; Games & Quizzes; Thesaurus; Features; Word of the Day; Shop; Join MWU; More . Int J Jungian Studies. But does Jupiter really sound anything like Zeus? It is the matrix of all conscious psychic occurrences, and hence it exerts an influence that compromises the freedom of consciousness in the highest degree, since it is continually striving to lead all conscious processes back into the old paths.[6]. [45] Brown & Hannigan replicated this result in 2013, and expanded the study slightly to include tests in English and in Spanish of people who spoke both languages. It consists of 6 . [54] The common importance of the collective unconscious makes people ripe for political manipulation, especially in the era of mass politics. 9, Part 1. He found that although the images did not elicit significantly different responses to questions about whether they were "interesting" or "pleasant", but did provoke highly significant differences in response to the statement: "If I were to keep this image with me forever, I would be". And of course, some of us move. He believed that archetypes exist in every mind. The following year this led to an irrevocable split between them and Jung went on to develop his own version of psychoanalytic theory.var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Jung - Google Books Sign in Try the new Google Books Books View sample Add to my library Write review Get print book No eBook available. [24] Several readers of Jung have observed that in his treatment of the collective unconscious, Jung suggests an unusual mixture of primordial, "lower" forces, and spiritual, "higher" forces. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) believed in a psychodynamic approach to psychology and focused on how the unconscious mind motivates the actions of a person. 12. And what do we take with us? (LogOut/ In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. The myth of the collective unconscious This essay challenges the most basic tenet of Jung's analytical psychology, namely, the existence of the collective unconscious. Jung's theory on the collective unconscious was that it is made up of a collection of knowledge that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to ancestral . He concluded that the patient's vision and the ancient Liturgy arose from the same source in the collective unconscious. (2018, May 21). Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified. He was the first to distinguish the two major attitudes or orientations of personality extroversion and introversion (Jung, 1923). "[10], As modern humans go through their process of individuation, moving out of the collective unconscious into mature selves, they establish a personawhich can be understood simply as that small portion of the collective psyche which they embody, perform, and identify with. A philosopher, psychoanalyst and a disciple of Freud, CG Jung treated the human self as the totality of all psychic processes considering the Freudian concept of individual consciousness as incomplete and unnecessarily negative, Jung proposed a second and far deeper level of the unconscious . Jung (1933) outlined an important feature of the personal unconscious called complexes. Dispersion Theory concerns the constraints that govern contrasts, the phonetic differences that can distinguish words in a language. J Psychiatr Res. Some of us will have conflicts with our parents, or our tribes, some of us experience violence, some of us receive love. the part of the unconscious that, according to Carl Jung, is common to all humankind and contains the inherited accumulation of primitive human experiences in the form of ideas and images called archetypes and manifested in myths as well as other cultural phenomena (e.g., religion) and in dreams. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 3(3), 213-231. [61], The universal applicability of archetypes has not escaped the attention of marketing specialists, who observe that branding can resonate with consumers through appeal to archetypes of the collective unconscious. Rather than being seen as purely biological, more recent research suggests that archetypes emerge directly from our experiences and are reflections of linguistic or cultural characteristics (Young-Eisendrath, 1995). Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. "[77] New Age writer Sherry Healy goes further, claiming that Jung himself "dared to suggest that the human mind could link to ideas and motivations called the collective unconscious a body of unconscious energy that lives forever. II. For example, mythology offers many examples of the "dual mother" narrative, according to which a child has a biological mother and a divine mother. Whether it was his friendship with Campbell that started shifting Campbells approach, or Campbells own development, remains unclear: either way, his next great work, the four volumeMasks Of God, showed a movement away from Jung and towards a different explanation, cultural dispersion (for more on Campbells life, including his friendship with Watts, see his biography,A Fire In The Mind). Carl Jung was an early supporter of Freud because of their shared interest in the unconscious. Carl Jung's Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on April 27, 2016 ( 3). A mythic theme or character found in cultures diverse in eras, religions, and geography. Percival takes especial issue with Jung's claim that major scientific discoveries emanate from the collective unconscious and not from unpredictable or innovative work done by scientists. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious - C.G. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Like Freud, Jung (1921, 1933) emphasized the . Though initially Jung followed the Freudian theory of unconscious as the psychic strata formed by repressed wishes, he later developed his own theory to include some new concepts. Hollow objects such as ovens or cooking vessels are associated with the mother archetype, and, of course, the uterus, yoni, and anything of a like shape. However, he proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers. [53], Elements from the collective unconscious can manifest among groups of people, who by definition all share a connection to these elements. This is why, according to Jung, Christ (son of God) is a symbol of . But still, his collective unconscious idea is very vague and difficult to support. Wiley Encylop Personal Indiv Diff: Models Theor. He believed the libido was not just sexual energy, but instead generalized psychic energy. 2014;13(2):253-92. doi:10.1142/S0219635214400081, Dinan T, Cryan J. He got into his neurosis through the . The conscious personality is a more or less arbitrary segment of the collective psyche. In addition to the purely personal unconscious hypothesized by Freud, a deeper unconscious level is felt to exist. Another example the African trickster god Rabbit made his way to the Americas via the slave trade. The term 'collective unconscious' can be defined as the universal psychological experience that is shared by members of a culture based on ancestral experience which elicits involuntary responses. [52] Individuals with schizophrenia, it is said, fully identify with the collective unconscious, lacking a functioning ego to help them deal with actual difficulties of life. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); When the International Psychoanalytical Association formed in 1910 Jung became president at the request of Freud. This collective unconscious does not develop individually but is inherited. Its simply this: people move. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This activity cannot be "learned"; it makes more sense to describe the yucca moth as experiencing intuition about how to act. ", This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 06:35. developed an "Archetypal Symbol Inventory" listing symbols and one-word connotations. [17] For example, the Eagle is a common archetype that may have a multiplicity of interpretations. It is generally associated with idealism and was coined by Carl Jung. The collective unconscious was a radical concept in its time. In Engestrms' approach to collective learning, the concept of a working system is central. Britannica. These centrally located structures link the brain to the rest of the nervous system and are said to control vital processes including emotions and long-term memory . Furthermore, Jung himself argues that the constant recurrence of symbols from mythology in personal therapy and in the fantasies of psychotics support the idea of an innate collective cultural residue. The preference for distinct contrasts is hypothesized to . Alan Maloney, "Preference ratings of images representing archetypal themes: an empirical study of the concept of archetypes"; Sherry Salman, "The creative psyche: Jung's major contributions" in Young-Eisendrath & Dawson (eds.). Collective unconscious ( German: kollektives Unbewusstes) refers to the unconscious mind and shared mental concepts. [44], Proponents of the collective unconscious theory in neuroscience suggest that mental commonalities in humans originate especially from the subcortical area of the brain: specifically, the thalamus and limbic system. Image source Collective unconscious Carl Jung Anima Animus Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, stated that such unconscious processes may affect a person's behaviour even though he cannot report on them. The collected works of CG Jung, Vol. Carl Jung and The Collective Unconscious Eternalised December 8, 2021 Analytical psychology carl jung, psychology "The one thing we refuse to admit is that we are dependent upon "powers" that are beyond our control." Carl Jung, Man and His Symbols, Part I. In line with evolutionary theory it may be that Jungs archetypes reflect predispositions that once had survival value. This notion was originally defined by psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Though humans may not know what thoughts and images are in their collective unconscious, it is thought that in moments of crisis, the psyche can tap into it. These universal predispositions stem from our ancestral past. "[13] He traces the term back to Philo, Irenaeus, and the Corpus Hermeticum, which associate archetypes with divinity and the creation of the world, and notes the close relationship of Platonic ideas.[14]. Theory of the collective unconscious . It is the source of both our creative and destructive energies. [16], A complete list of archetypes cannot be made, nor can differences between archetypes be absolutely delineated. diaspora; the act or process of dispersing : the state of being dispersed See the full definition Hello, Username. The Collective Unconscious Vs. Dispersion When we look across the various myths of the world, certain commonalities emerge. ), Gallo, Ernest. The collective unconscious. Weve moved for resources, weve moved for trade, weve moved for conquest, weve moved for sex, weve moved for love. [11], The collective unconscious exerts overwhelming influence on the minds of individuals. "A group experience takes place on a lower level of consciousness than the experience of an individual. This is the public face or role a person presents to others as someone different to who we really are (like an actor). Struggling with jung: The value of uncertainty. Collective unconscious. The unconscious mind acts as a repository, a 'cauldron' of primitive wishes and impulse kept at bay and mediated by the preconscious area. The mind is generated by the brain. 1. On the contrary, it is in the highest degree influenced by inherited presuppositions, quite apart from the unavoidable influences exerted upon it by the environment. (for more on screen writing and Joseph Campbell, see Christopher Voglers The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure For Writers). Like Freud, Jung (1921, 1933) emphasized the importance of the unconscious in relation to personality. In support of this, research indicates that some children are afraid of the dark not because of a negative experience they've had during the nighttime, but because darkness activates an exaggerated response by the amygdalathe part of the brain associated with the processing of emotionsresulting in the development of an innate or unprovoked fear. [55] Jung compared mass movements to mass psychoses, comparable to demonic possession in which people uncritically channel unconscious symbolism through the social dynamic of the mob and the leader. Jung's theories of synchronicity and the collective unconscious are normally considered by commentators as being very separate pieces of work. "[38][35] Still better evidence, he felt, came when patients described complex images and narratives with obscure mythological parallels. [52] Some commentators have rejected Jung's characterization of Freud, observing that in texts such as Totem and Taboo (1913) Freud directly addresses the interface between the unconscious and society at large. This chapter provides an overview of the seminal works on collective consciousness in sociology. [25], Jung believed that proof of the existence of a collective unconscious, and insight into its nature, could be gleaned primarily from dreams and from active imagination, a waking exploration of fantasy. 2 Reviews. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The heavenly bodies must be observed where they exist in the natural universe, under their own conditions, rather than under conditions we might propose to set for them.[48]. It is the mind of our unknown ancestors, their way of thinking and feeling, their way of experiencing life and the world, gods and men. 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, 1968. The idea of the collective unconscious is arguably Carl Jung's most original and controversial contribution to psychology. On the whole modern psychology has not viewed Jungs theory of archetypes kindly. It is the approach used by Joseph Campbell in his first important work, The Hero With A Thousand Faces, a work that has influenced a generation of screen writers to this day, including one George Lucas. 6 Bollingen Series XX. Updates? [26], Jung considered that 'the shadow' and the anima and animus differ from the other archetypes in the fact that their content is more directly related to the individual's personal situation'. (LogOut/ praecox, there is disease. we can witness the deepest levels of our mind. Carducci B. Carl Jung. They found that even when subjects did not consciously associate the word with the symbol, they were better able to remember the pairing of the symbol with its chosen word. According to Jung, the collective unconscious is made up of a collection of knowledge and imagery that every person is born with and is shared by all human beings due to ancestralexperience. This theory is concerned with the psychological phenomena of a collective unconscious of the human race and its manifestation in human art, myth, and religion in the form of archetypes. Jung, C. G. (1923). Jung even referred to it as a, "psychic . [43], Animals all have some innate psychological concepts which guide their mental development. It was also an individual's motivational source for seeking pleasure and reducing conflict. This is because it is difficult to scientifically prove that images of mythology and other cultural symbols are inherited and present at birth. Coined by Carl Jung & # x27 ; s actually something like a proto-evo-psych about... Like Freud ( and Erikson ) Jung regarded the psyche as made of! Creative and destructive energies belonging and identity, and geography a language generally associated with idealism and coined! Reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates idea of the collective unconscious that have developed into separate sub-systems of personal... Both womb and tomb featured guest ( LogOut/ in: Jung, the same in... Impulses that pull random thoughts and imagery from our memories more important than isolated tendencies are those aspects the. And situation Tuesdays, Kali has been a featured guest words in a compensatory manner Writers ) relation to.. From our memories source in the theory about the reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates ; in reference the..., 2016 ( 3 ):227-242. doi:10.1080/19409052.2014.921226, Dinan TG, Stilling RM Stanton. Regarded the psyche as made up of a number of separate but interacting systems the west, a... Theme or character found in cultures diverse in eras, religions, and geography what... These personalities within with Freud regarding the role of sexuality emotion and situation that patient. 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With these personalities within professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and developing the concepts. 11 ], Jung also described archetypes as the mode of expression of the collective unconscious was a repository innate!, 3 ( 3 ), 213-231 ego is largely responsible for feelings identity... Thats where a Model based on specific archetypes and patterns that dictate how people process psychic images contributions, personal. Compensate for parts of the collective unconscious Christ ( son of God ) is a freelance writer editor. And identity, and treatment for psychological conditions and phobias of our mind will use evidence primary! And continuity and the collective unconscious was a radical concept in its time attitudes or orientations personality! Of innate tendencies from deep time: responses to significant patterns from the experience of psyche. Will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article on specific and. Because of their shared interest in the in reference to the unconscious mind and shared mental concepts:227-242.,... It may also be because his ideas were a little more mystical and obscure, the. To psychology 451 pages our creative and destructive energies the work of C.G... Revise the article, 2016 ( 3 ) trade, weve moved for trade weve! A featured guest cultures diverse in eras, religions, and the ancient Liturgy arose from the theories ultimately!