the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. 74(3) 213-229. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. U. A catalog of felt intensity data for 589 earthquakes in India, 16362008. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Roads were tom and alignments were changed. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. 70(3) 757-773. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. Even in Biratnagar, ground fissured out with springs of water for few minuites. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. Wesnousky, S. G. (2020). The following is a summary of the sueeches. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. 4. - 202.3.109.12. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. 3. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. Additionally, Devastatingdisasters.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). The Himalayas from Assam westward have experienced four large earthquakes over the past one hundred years, each one of them of magnitude 8 or more. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. Primary surface ruptures of the great himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in eastern Nepal. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. 1442-1444. A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. Heres The Truth! Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. Soc. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. Surv. [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. Minimum rupture length had been estimated as 100 Km. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! Will The Chinese Spy Balloon Start a War With China? 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. The influence of regional earthquakes on the time series can be seen, producing the sharp drops in probability. ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. Publ. 4. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. 46 10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. ), 2019. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). Rana, B. S. (2013). Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. Bull. Everest. Bomford, G. (1937). The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. Nature [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. affected during this earthquake. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Princeton University Press. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Dhunche Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Several factors combined to make Saturday's earthquake in Nepal such a devastating event. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. 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