Animal life was not what scientists were expecting to find in the pitch-black seawater beneath almost half a mile of floating Antarctic ice, but it seems to have found a way with the discovery of sea creatures living in the extreme environment. Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J., Malhotra, R. & Golden, D. M. Science 238, 12581260 (1987). We were looking for, at most, a few percent change in ozone and we werent necessarily looking in Antarctica. At the Mercer and Whillans boundary, the researchers found two new lakes, which they dubbed the Lower Conway Subglacial Lake and the Lower Mercer Subglacial Lake. It provided an image of nearly global environmental damage that people could see. So said the great explorer, Admiral Richard Byrd. Thompson, D. W. J. et al. "This did not make any sense to any of us on the crew because on two different occasions we had to fly over this area. When we were working up to publishing our paper, concerns had been expressed that these CFCs might destroy the ozone layer, that exhaust gases from Concorde might destroy the ozone layer, and the general thoughts were that any destruction would probably take place at high altitude in the tropics. It sits in a broad, low bowl that dips thousands of feet below sea levelmaking it vulnerable to deep, warm ocean currents that are already nipping at its outer edges. One way that a surface polynya matters for the climate is for the deepest water in the oceans, known as Antarctic Bottom Water. So, basically, it was more than an order of magnitude greater than we expected. Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals, Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription, Receive 51 print issues and online access, Get just this article for as long as you need it, Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02837-5. A legend among those in the know was that Adolph Hitler did not die due to a suicide in 1945, but fled to Argentina, to an SS base carved under the ice in New Swabia during the very early 1950s, where he resumed his passion as a painter. NASA Worldview/NASA Blue Marble. These animals can sniff it out. In his journal, Byrd apparently informs readers of having entered into the hollow interior of the earth, along with others and having traveled 1700 miles over mountains, lakes, waterways, green vegetation, and animal life. They thought, well, just because youve got it one year, it doesnt count. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Hollow Earth Shop confirm the Nazi presence in Antarctica. Researchers say a massive cavity the size of two-thirds of Manhattan was found under a glacier in Antarctica. We were able, in a very short time, to put together a lot of pieces and to draw a much clearer picture of how this part of the Earths system works and what might affect it and what might not affect it. Update: This article has been updated to clarify that the cyclone in question formed in the Weddell sea, but migrated east over the Lazarev sea where it generated a polynya. Please be respectful of copyright. Now, a team of researchers has bored a hole through the ice and sampled the ocean beneath it. In this show, were exploring a paper published in the 1980s. Satellite images from Aug. 30, 2017 through Dec. 2, 2017 show the rarely-seen opening in the late Southern Hemisphere winter sea ice. Meanwhile, the lakes beneath Academy Glacier drained between 2009 and 2018. It comes after sensational claims surfaced that NASA was hiding a "sinister secret" about the moon. I am the historian at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Nature 557, 413417 (2018). In order to survive, the organisms would have to feed on floating material from other animals or plants, because it is impossible for plants to photosynthesize in the sunless seawater. "The reason stated because of a air sampling camp in that area. Lett. Atmos. Read the Special Reports British War in Antactica for more details on the previous missions to Antarctica. After drilling out the borehole, the scientists lowered a sediment corer and an attached video camera through the ice shelf. Climate change the will isnt there yet, and I fear it will take a disaster or two before that will appears. After the shooting, 23-year-old Dillon Munn rushed to check on his mother. In other words, they knew them to be good and rigorous scientists, so the initial questioning of those scientists was, well, how could they get such results because what they had found was ozone concentrations are far lower than anyone had ever seen on Earth. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, A journey of the senses through Abu Dhabi, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The geologists used hot-water equipment to drill the borehole through more than half a mile of the ice shelf, on the southern edge of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. Heuz hopes theres another polynya this winter, so that this instrument can capture any changes taking place in the ocean as its opening. Geologists taking sediment cores from the seafloor beneath the giant Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf on the southern edge of Antarcticas Weddell Sea discovered what biologists believe are types of sponge. Peter, T. & Groos, J.-U. PubMed Unauthorized use is prohibited. This certainly had more of a military signature rather than an innocent exploration. Small mobile animals such as shrimp and crustaceans called sea fleas have been seen before beneath ice shelves, but no one expected to see stationary animals like these. At 12:10 a.m. Tuesday, one pilots crash pad became a crime scene. Byrd was an heroic figure, lauded worldwide as an American pilot, polar explorer, and organizer of polar logistics. 16th May 1985. Letters to Nature, p207. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Cold, dark and alive! Stephanie Pappas is a contributing writer for Live Science, covering topics ranging from geoscience to archaeology to the human brain and behavior. FedEx pilot shot in Memphis while sleeping, Assistant district attorney from Williamson County suspended after DWI wreck in Hewitt, Texas superintendent resigns after student finds his gun in school bathroom, Carbon dioxide emissions reached a record high in 2022, Spirit Airlines flight makes emergency landing after battery fire, Biden begins push for funding for pandemic fraud measures. Ravishankara, A. R. & Hanson, D. R. J. Geophys. The Montreal Protocol, as its initially written, was a 50% reduction in production of chlorofluorocarbons it was not a ban. Solomon, S., Mount, G. H., Sanders, R. W. & Schmeltekopf, A. L. J. Geophys. It is locked beneath a crust of ice larger than Spain and more than 1,000 feet thick, making its waters perpetually darkand extremely difficult for humans to access. It is The lakes beneath the Mercer and Whillans ice stream boundary are currently undergoing their third period of drainage in 17 years. Former Navy fighter pilot Ryan Graves tells CNN's Alisyn Camerota about his unit's experiences with UFOs and explains the problems they can pose for military and commercial aviation. Its important to understand these currents, says Stevens, because if we get the circulation wrong, then were getting the melting wrong., The new project could also cast light on some lingering suspicionsthat even though the Ross Ice Shelf seems stable today, it has actually undergone some dramatic collapses in the recent past. The site of the polynyadirectly above an enormous undersea mountain known as the Maud Risemade it especially intriguing, as similar giant polynyas had been spotted in the same location in satellite imagery from the 1970s. Unlike in Greenland, where meltwater flows from the ice surface through crevasses and holes called moulins, Antarctica's lakes form from beneath the ice, probably as a result of pressure, friction and perhaps geothermal heat. Its being called an unprecedented display of international cooperation to protect the worlds environment. The retired petty officer, 59, claimed to have been seen UFOs, aliens and a giant hole in the ice as he flew through a "no fly zone" in Antartica. The retired petty officer, 59, claimed to have been seen UFOs, aliens and a giant hole in the ice as he flew through a "no fly zone" in Antartica. Stephanie received a bachelor's degree in psychology from the University of South Carolina and a graduate certificate in science communication from the University of California, Santa Cruz. The study shows that when winds surrounding Antarctica draw closer to shore, they promote stronger upward mixing in the eastern Weddell Sea. They also found that what was thought to be one lake under the MacAyeal ice stream was actually two. Ex-US Naval officer 'saw entrance to secret alien base in Antarctica' Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Molina, M. J. In January of 1956Admiral Byrdled an expedition to the South Pole. In September 2018, NASA launched a new satellite, ICESat-2, which collects the highest-precision data yet. "Talk among the flight crews was that there is a UFO base at South Pole and some of the crew heard talk from some of the scientists working with and interacting with the scientists at that air sampling camp/large ice hole.". So said the great explorer, Admiral Richard Byrd. CBS News climate and weather contributor Jeff Berardelli reports that the cavity is likely a significant finding because the West Antarctic ice sheet is considered one of the most unstable and vulnerable. The new study used observations from the Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling project, or SOCCOM, which puts out instruments that drift with the currents to monitor Antarctic conditions. The new holes drilled through the Ross Ice Shelf also provide a more general window into the unknown. So, when the British Antarctic Survey paper is published in 1985, a lot of people are rather shocked because during the early 1980s, they werent sure whether there was evidence of depletion and thats because its a difficult question to answer. ICESat, however, collected data for only six years. In the video the Navy Seal (aka Spartan 1) described the launch of his mission from an aircraft carrier voyaging near West Antarcticas Ross Sea. He was taken by helicopter to McMurdo station, the largest U.S. base in Antarctica, and then taken by ground transport to the structures location. Whats going through my mind? Mysterious Land Beyond the Poles The True Origin of the Flying Saucers. Two SOCCOM instruments were trapped in the vortex above Maud Rise and recorded years of observations there. The 2021 Antarctic ozone hole reached its maximum area on Oct. 7 and ranks 13th largest since 1979. The ice holeknown as a polynya in the parlance of sea ice researcherswas likely caused by a powerful cyclone that spun up in Antarcticas Mrs Howe, who has been awarded for her paranormal investigations, said she was contacted several times by the whistleblower. On the opposite side of the In 1925 there was a singular man on a mission to explore desolate lands rarely seen by humans to that time Admiral Richard Byrd. But he believes it could also have collapsed as recently as 120,000 years ago, the last time that temperatures were about as warm as they are today. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. After lowering the sediment corer through the borehole, the scientists then lowered it through about 1,600 feet of seawater below the floating ice shelf. All rights reserved, See more of the world below Antarctic ice, See what would happen if all the worlds ice melted, Learn about the Maine-size hole in Antarctica. According to this account, Operation HighJump, the biggest exploration ever to target the Antarctic, was organized to erase the Nazi presence at the south pole. You had to learn how to find the right 9 track tape in a room full of tapes, and its really ironic to look at it today because the satellite was taking about 5 GB of data per year and at that time, when you said that, people were overwhelmingly impressed and now I think a lot of people probably run that through their smartphone every month. Conspiracy theorists have actually interpreted these written remembrances as clear evidence that Richard Byrd did actually uncover an entry to the center of the planet. It is said that there is a US regulation to prevent citizens from checking out caverns and holes in the polar regions. The two plus signs show the location of oceanographic robots that were trapped in a spinning column of water above an underwater mountain known as Maud Rise.AMSR2-ASI/University of Bremen. The paper: Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Evidence of illegal emissions of ozone-depleting chemicals, Oceanic climate changes threaten the sustainability of Asias water tower, Solar geoengineering is scary thats why we should research it, Primary N2He gas field formation in intracratonic sedimentary basins, Core origin of seismic velocity anomalies at Earths coremantle boundary, Scientists made a new kind of ice that might exist on distant moons, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. As the scientists analyze that mud, it may yield more diatoms. In 1925 there was a singular man on a mission to explore desolate lands rarely seen by humans to that time Admiral Richard Byrd. And that could provide another chance to investigate when this area was free of ice in the past, says Scherer: Im very interested to see what the Kiwis find., Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. This machine generated a powerful jet of hot water, which they used to melt two narrow holes, each a few inches across, more than 1,100 feet down to the bottom of the ice. Comes with twelve different courses comprised of a huge number of lessons, and each one will help you learn more about Python itself, and can be accessed when you want and as often as you want forever, making it ideal for learning a new skill. Any type of area with caves are otherwise considered to be on federal government property. He was killed for his knowledge. World Meteorological Organization. Total ozone has been measured at the British Antarctic Survey stations, Argentine islands and Halley Bay since 1957. Admiral Richard Byrd created a fantastic reputation in the history of the US Navy. They were the ancient remains of photosynthetic organisms that had once lived in the sea before dying and settling to the bottom. and JavaScript. Video shows discovery of sea-sponges living nearly half a mile beneath Antarctica ice. An essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, delivered to your inbox every weekday. We thought this large hole in the sea ice known as a polynya was something that was rare, maybe a process that had gone extinct. What if we could clean them out? boldly suggested a link to human use of compounds called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), often used in aerosol cans and cooling devices such as fridges. They claimed that to be the protectors of planet Earth to protect its inhabitants from the scurrilous activities of the power brokers and nefarious government agencies with impure agendas. Youve been listening to the Nature PastCast, produced by Charlotte Stoddart and with contributions from Jonathan Shanklin, Richard Stolarski and historian Erik Conway. 101, 38853890 (1996). Published by Macmillan Journals Limited, 4 Little Essex Street, London, WC2R 3LF. Those floating shelves provide a buttress; they are holding back a very big amount of ice, says Craig Stevens, an oceanographer from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in New Zealand, who participated in the expedition. In 2007, Scripps Institution of Oceanography glaciologist Helen Amanda Fricker connected the elevation changes measured by ICESat to the dynamics of the lakes deep beneath the ice surface. The discovery of what appear to be sponges in the pitch-black seawater beneath almost half a mile of ice has biologists baffled. Under the ice shelf is a huge amount of ocean, its the volume of the North Sea between England and Norway, says Hulbe, and there are almost no measurements there. Nature (Nature) This suggested that the entire Ross Ice Shelf, and much of the ice behind it, had collapsed. Stevens and his colleagues hoped to assess the health of the Ross Ice Shelf by measuring water temperatures and ocean currents beneath itthereby determining how quickly ice is melting off its underside. (See what would happen if all the worlds ice melted.). Scherer, a micro-paleontologist now at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, found this subglacial mud chockablock full of microscopic diatom shellsbeautiful glassy objects, reminiscent of fine vases. It blew our minds, says Christina Hulbe, a glaciologist from the University of Otago in New Zealand, who co-led the expedition. Recently, scientists discovered a weak spot in the ozone layer over Antarctica. This water system was largely invisible until the advent of NASA's ICESat mission in 2003. When is it going to stop?. Distant shot of a large iceberg, Antarctica. Concerns were raised, really, in the 1960s and 70s that substances that we were manufacturing, in particular chlorofluorocarbons the CFCs might put chlorine high into the atmosphere where it could then photocatalytically interact with the ozone and destroy ozone. "[The size of] a cavity under a glacier plays an important role in melting," said Pietro Milillo of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. They then lowered cameras and other instruments through the holes, into the waters below. in Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change (ed. Many scientists told me that, in fact, they trusted the British Antarctic Survey people. Why? At 12:10 a.m. Tuesday, one pilots crash pad became a crime scene. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? The new study was published July 7 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Campbell joined the UW as a graduate student in 2016 to better understand this mysterious phenomenon. Nature 328, 408411 (1987). While the boulder is located about 150 miles from the ocean, the direction of the currents beneath the ice shelf suggests the nearest plant life is up to 1,000 miles away, Griffiths said. Its European Space Agency equivalent, CryoSat-2, collected similar data starting in 2010 but over a broader area and with less precision. If you're trying to subscribe with a non-UW email address, please email uwnews@uw.edu for assistance. "The only thing we saw going over this camp was a very large hole going into the ice. It seems the animals attached to the boulder drifted there as microscopic larvae, and then grew into their adult forms: life is everywhere and the environment selects the species that eventually thrive., A future stage will be to determine if the animals are similar to those in the open ocean, or if they had evolved to live where they are now, Priscu said in an email. Credits: NASA Ozone Watch. They got stuff to live for, you know what Im saying? What was precisely discovered has always been shrouded in mystery, but it may have been astonishing. Some complained we shouldnt use that term, but once you let that term out of the bag, there was no going back. Res. Phys. Interestingly, the said moment of the historic exploration was caught on camera thanks to a researcher who lowered his camera down an 83 meter hole in the continent. IE 11 is not supported. Computers were just coming in. A huge collection of photographs that show Australian and British expeditions to Antarctica in the early 20th century have been digitized and released to the public for the first time. The ozone hole story clearly shows that if we have the will to do things, we can succeed. The outside temperature recorded was 74 degrees F. His airplane was welcomed by machines of a type he had never actually seen before. In the new study, Siegfried and Fricker combined data from ICESat, CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 to trace changes in the subglacial lake system from October 2003 to July 2020. And, of course, there was nothing there. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. His hosts informed him that he had actually been allowed to enter Agartha (their term for the hollow earth) because of his high moral and ethical status. (See more of the world below Antarctic ice.). Research Scientist - Chemistry Research & Innovation, POST-DOC POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated Miniaturized Chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Ph.D. POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute opens A SENIOR RESEARCHER POSITION IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling. You let that term, but once you let that term out of the Saucers. Was hiding a `` sinister secret '' about the pilot finds hole in antarctica lakes beneath Academy glacier drained 2009! Damage that people could See term, but it may yield more.... Academy glacier drained between 2009 and 2018 email uwnews @ uw.edu for.... 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Earth Shop confirm the Nazi presence in Antarctica email uwnews @ uw.edu for assistance 7 and 13th... The US Navy was precisely discovered has always been shrouded in mystery, but it may have been.! Of photosynthetic organisms that had once lived in the ozone layer over Antarctica of in. Of area with caves are otherwise considered to be sponges in the polar regions another polynya this winter, that... Nasa was hiding a `` sinister secret '' about the moon Academy glacier drained between 2009 and 2018 the presence. Shows discovery of sea-sponges living nearly half a mile of ice has biologists.!