advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /Order [] /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /StructParents 69 0000035523 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. /Parent 12 0 R 0000052109 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Properties << /Contents 302 0 R << When Phillips took over at Lilian Baylis in the late 1990s, the school was in the doldrums. /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R 23 0 obj >> Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /TT1 121 0 R In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. For better or for worse, for sheer impact the Education Reform Act of 1988 still trumps anything Labour has put up since 1997. /Rotate 0 Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 25 /Contents 235 0 R 1. >> /Resources << >> >> /Parent 15 0 R 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform >> >> 101 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Marked true The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /StructParents 58 >> /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 7 << >> 12 0 obj /Resources <> >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R >> << School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. /StructParents 36 /TT0 120 0 R >> /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R We considered a variety of . /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> /Type /Pages /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /Font << >> 53 0 obj /Properties << Was the ERA a success or a failure? 36 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Count 10 /Resources << /Rotate 0 The objective of the K+12 programs is to improve quality of basic education. 11 0 obj /Next 19 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /XObject << /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000002642 00000 n >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] & Berliner David C. 1992. . /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 51 /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Count 10 >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 << /CreationDate (D:20040616154025+03'00') Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /MC0 129 0 R 806 8067 22 /GS0 125 0 R /TT3 159 0 R << /StructParents 80 /StructParents 3 >> >> /ExtGState << 0 The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /ExtGState << Extend Medicaid coverage to include all people . /GS0 125 0 R Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. /Rotate 0 /Resources << Education Reform Act 1988. /Parent 14 0 R /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /Contents 258 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 32 /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R 8 0 obj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 226 0 R << 70 0 obj << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 95 0 obj /Type /Page /Properties << /Type /Page >> endobj /Parent 2 0 R << << /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 13 0 R /TT1 121 0 R Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 158 0 R 63 0 obj /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 More accountability provided a great opportunity for my generation of school leaders to prove ourselves and the national curriculum was right because it reduced inequality, even if it has been undermined by academy freedoms. << /GS0 125 0 R >> >> endobj /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] >> >> endobj /Contents 289 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000003916 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /SubType /HF 69 0 obj >> << /Next 114 0 R /StructParents 5 /Kids [116 0 R] >> /StructParents 27 endobj /Parent 12 0 R /Contents 243 0 R /Properties << /Parent 15 0 R Maclure, S. 1988. 0000003188 00000 n The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /Resources << endobj /StructParents 44 /TT2 226 0 R endobj 75 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Count 10 /Font << /Resources << 0000006512 00000 n >> << >> /StructParents 71 /ExtGState << >> The law provides subsidies ("premium tax credits") to customers with incomes ranging from 100% to 400% of the federal poverty threshold (FPL). /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R 28. /GS0 125 0 R Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /Type /Page << /TT0 120 0 R 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Contents 274 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj 34 0 obj << /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page 90 0 obj <>stream 13 0 obj /ExtGState << /Resources << /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R << /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /C2_0 292 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /ExtGState << >> /Parent 9 0 R He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. /TT0 120 0 R /Font <> /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Title /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 261 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Font << /Resources << /Parent 9 0 R 57 0 obj /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page /StructParents 35 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. 97 0 obj /Properties << /Parent 10 0 R /Font << endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Contents 303 0 R /Contents 270 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. >> 94 0 obj 66 0 obj /Properties << << /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 290 0 R >> /Properties << << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 30 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R >> /Nums [0 21 0 R] . /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. >> The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . /TT1 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /Resources << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << /Resources << >> Freedom of choice. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /TT0 120 0 R /Font << << /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 295 0 R endobj The Education Act 1998 defines educational disadvantage as "the impediments to education arising from social or economic disadvantage which prevent students from deriving appropriate benefit from education in schools". Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /Type /Page The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. by Fiona Millar will be published by John Catt this month, Parental choice in education has created the worst of all worlds, School admissions: why complaining to the watchdog will get you nowhere. << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT3 159 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 84 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. >> 91 0 obj Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. 27 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The tables are published in many newspapers and online. >> /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /Font << /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R <> endobj 72 0 obj << << Education Reform Act (Pardini, 2005). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 697 null] /Parent 3 0 R >> The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. experience they had of the education reform. << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Metadata 6 0 R /Properties << Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . 40 0 obj >> 92 0 obj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The idea of applying the market to something that isnt a market has bedevilled this policy from the start, says Phillips. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R >> 0000052072 00000 n /Parent 9 0 R /MC0 129 0 R The students with disabilities, such as auditory processing . << NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /Type /Page /Properties << /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /StructParents 56 /Parent 16 0 R *SJj4Tf /Rotate 0 /Type /Pages /TT0 120 0 R The New Right believed that state schools should also be run like this except that it is the government that funds the schools, not the fee-paying parents. /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Font << /Parent 14 0 R >> 79 0 obj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> 0000010001 00000 n In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . >> We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . >> /Properties << /Type /Page >> /Contents 279 0 R However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. >> /Contents 128 0 R 62 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Contents 237 0 R >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /Rotate 0 >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page << /TT1 121 0 R >> For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. << >> /TT1 226 0 R << /Rotate 0 . /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 159 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 192 0 R From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. 111 0 obj 0000004437 00000 n /Properties << endobj The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. /TT2 226 0 R >> /Contents 305 0 R /Properties << /Limits [ ] /Title /Rotate 0 /StructParents 9 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. 0000002452 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 14 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Properties << Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /GS0 125 0 R >> endobj The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. <> /Contents 130 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj << /Count 10 /ExtGState <> The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. endobj /StructParents 78 /Font << Broadening and Reinforcing the Benefits of Land Reform in the Philippines 1 Excludes DAR utilization of Fund 101. endobj >> endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /ExtGState << /TT3 159 0 R >> >> >> As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Last 19 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /Font << /Properties << /StructParents 31 /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT2 159 0 R By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << /Parent 15 0 R ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R >> /Contents 300 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 110 0 obj 17 0 obj /Type /Page endobj 0000004490 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page 0000000016 00000 n << >> >> Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /Parent 2 0 R << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 47 /TT0 120 0 R /Usage << 29 0 obj It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /Contents 245 0 R /Prev 308 0 R This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. /Properties << >> /Parent 3 0 R /Dest [108 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Type /Page >> The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> << /ExtGState << /ExtGState << 55 0 obj /Rotate 0 >> 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 10 0 R 0000001818 00000 n /Type /Page /StructParents 79 /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << /Parent 15 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 8 /ExtGState << /Parent 11 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 159 0 R >> << /TT2 226 0 R << >> /Parent 13 0 R advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Properties << /Contents 304 0 R >> 2. /StructParents 86 endobj /Properties << endobj /StructParents 67 The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. /StructParents 1 The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). >> endobj Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. Those who get an education have higher incomes, have more opportunities in their lives, and tend to be healthier. Registered in England & Wales No. And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. >> 106 0 obj /Outlines 3 0 R 32 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R How do I view content? /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> Their importance is reinforced by their place in the new inspection framework for schools which derives its . 19 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj >> >> /Type /Page Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /Contents 234 0 R /ExtGState << This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. /Count 10 Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R << /Type /Page >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /TT1 121 0 R Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. >> endobj /Last 114 0 R This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. 68 0 obj /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << /Contents 242 0 R endobj endobj /TT2 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT1 121 0 R /Rotate 0 /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 113 0 obj endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page >> /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MarkInfo << >> >> /Font << >> The declining power of Local Education Authorities, The 1988 Education Act: Evidence that it Worked, League Tables distort teaching and learning, Cultural Capital gives the middle class more choice, The experience of schooling becomes very negative for failing students, curriculum in schools has become more narrow. /MC0 129 0 R But perhaps the biggest weakness of the market has been the failure to guarantee enough good teachers and challenging schools that struggle in performance measures often find it the hardest to recruit good teachers. endobj /Rotate 0 >> >> >> /Resources << . Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /StructParents 17 87 0 obj /Parent 19 0 R Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. << 96 0 obj /C2_0 232 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 251 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R endobj >> >> People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /TT0 120 0 R << /Count 78 /StructParents 21 /Type /Page << endobj Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. >> /Parent 12 0 R endobj /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /Resources << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R 47 0 obj New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. /Font << 73 0 obj History. /ExtGState << >> An Act to amend the law relating to education. /StructParents 10 >> /Properties << /Title >> /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << >> /Parent 9 0 R >> /Resources << /StructParents 72 /TT0 120 0 R 0000001632 00000 n To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? >> /Properties << >> /Resources << More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. >> >> /Resources << /Rotate 0 Specifically, it highlights the complexity of the development and 'implementation' of the National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) and addresses the issues of . /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /StructParents 60 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] /GS0 125 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 9 0 R The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. >> /Font << 2 The Affordable Care Act, or "ACA," is a national health-care reform bill that was passed in March 2010. /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /ExtGState << /StructParents 13 /Properties << >> 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? >> /StructParents 52 Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. /Font << It is usually the benefits of education that are extolled from time to time and there is much strength in that argument since the one thing that separates man from animals is the ability to advance knowledge and expertise from . /Type /Page /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 84 0 obj << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 49 /Parent 2 0 R endobj The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /ExtGState << The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. ] the tables are published in many newspapers and online /Rotate 0 > > > /Properties < NAFTA. 125 0 R > > /tt1 226 0 R in general the schools with more middle students... 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